More than 190 countries adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – UNFCCC in 1992 aiming at stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions and at preventing dangerous anthropogenic disturbance of the climate system. UNFCCC is the main UN international treaty on climate change. It came into effect in 1994 and has been ratified by 195 countries (parties), including the European Union. The Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997. It implements the Convention and establishes binding targets on emission reduction. Since 2005, when the Kyoto Protocol came into force, the annual Conference of the Parties includes the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol or CMP. The first period of agreements in the Kyoto Protocol concluded in 2012.